Sternberg, contends that there are three types of intelligence. Sternberg has proposed what he refers to as a triarchic theory of human intelligence. Sternberg was born in 1949 and is an american psychologist and a psychometrician. Still others focus on the importance of emotional intelligence. Although most people have a pretty clear idea of what intelligence is, it has been defined in many different ways over the course of history. The multiple intelligence theory is that people possess eight types of intelligence. Informationprocessing components underlying intelligence according to robert sternbergs proposed theory of human intelligence, a common set of universal mental processes underlies all aspects of intelligence.
The independently derived similarities in their gross structure lend weight to some triarchic view. Spearman theory of intelligence and what it reveals. Intelligence is a complex characteristic of cognition. According to the theory, love has three components. His theory is mostly based on observing yale graduate students. Sternbergs triarchic theory of intelligence and what it. American psychologist, robert sternberg, made his name by proposing the triarchic theory of intelligence. Ability to think abstractly, process information effectively contextual intelligence practical ability.
The theory of intelligence that we are most interested in, is sternberg s triarchic theory of human intelligence. Sternberg s triarchic theory of intelligence was a revolutionary approach to human intelligence which took into account much more than empirical data. Howard gardners multiple intelligences theory, robert sternberg s triarchic theory of intelligence, ellen langers mindfulness theory, david perkins learnable intelligences theory, and patricia wolfes brain research for the classroom. It is important to recognize that a relationship based on a single element is less likely to. This theory asserts that human intelligence can be divided into three types. Saat ini provost dan profesor psikologi di oklahoma state university. Sternberg a prominent figure in the research of human intelligence, developed an alternative intelligence model, comprising 3 elements of thinking process kept in. He conducted research to determine mental functions, different ways of thinking, and how to modify cognition. Gardners theory, which has been refined for more than 30 years, is a more recent development among theories of intelligence. Howard university abstract how might human intelligence. Sternbergs triarchic theory of intelligence exploring. The 1st argues that conventional and some other notions of intelligence are, at best, incomplete and, at worst, wrong. The essential sternberg essays on intelligence, psychology.
Sternberg s theory builds on his earlier componential approach to reasoning. Most gloaded abilities may learn best via lecture navigation, face recognition. Gardners theory intelligence is best thought of as multiple abilities that come in packages. This type of intelligence allows a person to process information eff ectively and think abstractly. The spearman theory of intelligence was a revolutionary psychological theory which revolutionized how we measure intelligence human intelligence has always been of interest to psychologists who seek to understand human understanding. Get an answer for please compare and contrast gardners theory of multiple intelligences with sternberg s triarchic theory of intelligence. Iq tests, which measure general cognitive ability, are derived from his theory of general intelligence. Aristotles triarchic theory of intelligence prefigures, but apparently does not serve directly as a source for, sternbergs comparable contemporary theory.
This article presents a theory of successful intelligence. Sternberg s theory as it relates to the classroom, with a theoretical piece and two empirical articles that focus on how the theory of successful intelligence can be used to improve student performance and supplement traditional exams. The three meta components are also called triarchic components. The theory is substantially broader than conventional theories of intelligence.
The theory by itself was among the first to go against the psychometric approach to intelligence and take a more cognitive approach. Each type of intelligence is intimately related to very concrete ideas and skills. Robert sternbergs triarchic theory of intelligence componential intelligence experiential intelligence creative ability analytical ability ability to formulate new ideas, to combine seemingly unrelated facts or information. A triarchic theory of human intelligence springerlink. There have been many theories of intelligence which attempt to measure it in an analytical way. It shares with multiple intelligences theory in its critique of the traditional unitary view of intelligence.
Pdf sternbergs triarchic theory of intelligence aron. Sekilas robert jeffrey sternberg robert jeffrey sternberg lahir pada tanggal 8 desember, 1949 di newark, new jersey. Multiple intelligences theory was developed by howard gardner, a harvard psychologist and former student of erik erikson. Triangular theory of love the triangular theory of love explains the topic of love in an interpersonal relationship. Steinberg yale university this article presents a triangular theory of love. Many theories have been developed to explain what intelligence is and how it works. Sternberg 12 tufts university,medford, usa abstract this article presents a theory of successful intelligence. Setelah mendapatkan gelar sarjana, sternberg kembali ke yale sebagai profesor psikologi. Sternberg s three types of intelligence, called the triarchic theory, are. Many researchers and theorists have focused on the measure of the intelligence quotient iq as a means of assessing cognitive ability. The triarchic theory of human intelligence provides a broader basis for understanding intelligence than do many, if not most theories of intelligence.
The triarchic theory of intelligence or three forms of intelligence was formulated by robert sternberg, a prominent figure in research of human intelligence. Psychologist robert sternberg 1985 has constructed a threepronged, or triarchic theory of intelligence. Sternberg s 1987 componential subtheory is presented in this study as a theory of intelligence because it describes the various cognitive processes underlying problem solving. Sternberg s triarchic theory of intelligence is composed of analytical, creative, and contextual intelligence. The activity above was designed to model a differentiated learning experience in accordance with sternberg s triarchic theory. What are the different theories of intelligence in. Robert sternberg developed his triarchic theory of intelligence in the 1980s as an attempt to understand human intelligent in terms of components rather than ability. The triarchic theory of intelligence originated as an alternative to the concept of general intelligence factor, or g. Theory of multiple intelligences and sternbergs triarchic. The basic idea is that people in almost any walk of life need a creativity to generate new and. Sternberg s triarchic theory is an important effort to synthesize the various theories of. This short paper analyzes the components of sternbergs triarchic theory of intelligence and assesses its applicability to psychotherapy. Both see intelligence as broad both say intelligence occurs in contexts differences sternberg s theory gets at what intelligence is gardners theory gets at how people use their intelligence in different ways sternberg s 3 components are a part of each of. This article is a synopsis of a triarchic theory of human intelligence.
Augmented theory of successful intelligence the traditional view of intelligence is that it comprises a single general ability g, under which are hierarchically arranged successively more specific levels of abilities, such as fluid ability the ability to think flexibly and in novel ways and crystallized ability cumulative knowledge. A triangular theory of creativity, kinds of defiance in creativity, defying the crowd, defying oneself, and defying the zeitgeist contain text that is identical or near identical to text that appears in sternberg, r. It defines intelligence in terms of the ability to achieve ones goals in life, within ones sociocultural contex t. Sternberg s theory distinguishes among three intelligences 1. Sternberg s triarchic theory of successful intelligence contends that intelligent behavior arises from a balance between analytical, creative and practical abilities, and that these abilities function collectively to allow individuals to achieve success within particular sociocultural contexts sternberg, 1988, 1997, 1999. Sternbergs triarchic theory of intelligence is complementary to gardners theory of multiple intelligences. Explore the resources below to learn more about the theory and its implications for your work. Dia kemudian menjadi dekan fakultas seni dan ilmu pengetahuan di tufts university. Psychologist robert sternberg s theory describes types of love based on three different scales. The framework used here is one called the augmented theory of successful intelligence, or wics, which is an acronym for wisdom, intelligence, creativity, synthesized sternberg, 1997, 1999b, 2003, 2005b. Sternberg s definition of human intelligence is a mental activity directed toward purposive adaptation to, selection and shaping of, realworld environments relevant to ones life sternberg, 1985, p. Sternbergs triarchic theory of intelligence last updated.
Gardner and sternberg numerous researchers have studied the cognitive development of children for more than a century. Toward a triarchic theory of human intelligence robert j. Although the particular solutions to problems that are considered intelligent in one culture may be different from those. Robert sternberg developed his triarchic theory of intelligence in the 1980s as an attempt to understand human intelligent in terms.
Triarchic theory, which has received much less attention from educators primarily due to its complexity, is wellknown and may be gaining momentum the work of sternberg and his colleagues applying the theory in educational settings in conjunction with sternberg s theories of successful intelligence and mental selfgovernment has produced. Sternberg generated his triarchic theory of intelligence, whereas gardner posits that intelligence is comprised of many factors. Pdf toward a triarchic theory of human intelligence. The opening addresses some general issues of problems with conventional thinking about intelligence. The balance theory defines wisdom as the use of ones intelligence, creativity, commone sense, and knowledge and as mediated by positive ethical values toward the achievement of a common good through a balance among a intrapersonal, b interpersonal, and c extrapersonal interests, over the a short and b long terms to achieve a balance among a. The rest of the article is divided into 4 main sections.
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